Kali Linux Help for Pyradio and How to play a radio station on the command line and fix the error "snap-confine has elevated permissions and is not confined but should be. Refusing to continue to avoid permission escalation attacks" and How to fix it by Ranger Smyth, Dec 2021.

 

 

 

How to play a radio station on the command line and fix the error "snap-confine has elevated permissions and is not confined but should be. Refusing to continue to avoid permission escalation attacks". 

Today we will cover pyradio, apt install, snap, snapd, apparmor, and a few different service commands, such as enable the service, then start the service. To find a package on the computer, to find the PID number of the package and service and if needed the kill command to stop it from running in it's tracks.  #imisswindows

Pyradio;

Vitux.com writes; Pyradio is a free and open-source command line tool that lets you play your favorite radio stations through the Terminal. It is based on Python and now available on Snap from where you can install it easily.

Open your Ubuntu Terminal either through the Application Launcher search or by using the Ctrl+Alt+T shortcut. Enter the following command in order to refresh the list of available packages:

  $ sudo apt update

 $ sudo apt full-upgrade 

 $ sudo apt dist-upgrade

 $ sudo apt-get install snapd && snap

 $ sudo snap install pyradio

 $ pyradio --play

https://vitux.com/three-ways-to-listen-to-radio-via-ubuntu-terminal/

I installed pyradio and I was happy that it worked for me. The next day when I turned on my machine and opened Tilix terminal, and entered the command;

$ pyradio --play

 

I got an Error Message;

"snap-confine has elevated permissions and is not confined but should be. Refusing to continue to avoid permission escalation attacks"

 

:Not the actual error message as it happens, just a pic of how I felt.

 

Google brought back a fix, as the issue is with snap and not the pyradio package.

 https://github.com/ubuntu/microk8s/issues/249

Snap seems to have problems from time to time, as you progress with your knowledge and understanding (like me!) we can 'try' and fix the problem without uninstalling the package, but if things fail that's exactly what we will do. 

Fix 1.

Install the following package apparmor

$ sudo apt-get install apparmor

$ systemctl enable --now apparmor.service 

$ sudo systemctl start apparmor

$ sudo apparmor_parser -r /etc/apparmor.d/*snap-confine*

$ sudo apparmor_parser -r /var/lib/snapd/apparmor/profiles/snap-confine*

$ reboot 

 

After rebooting.

$ pyradio --play

 

I got Error Message;

Error "cannot change profile for the next exec call: No such file or directory
snap-update-ns failed with code 1"

 

Fix 2.

$ sudo snap refresh

$ pyradio --play

Error "cannot change profile for the next exec call: No such file or directory
snap-update-ns failed with code 1"

If this does not fix the issue then try the following command. There are a few different ways to uninstall and install a package in Linux, but they do the same thing in the end, and it's cool to know how to do the same thing using multiple methods. .

 $ sudo apt reinstall snap snapd

  or

$ sudo apt remove snap && sudo apt remove snapd 

  or 

$ sudo apt remove snap 

  and when its done, run 

$ sudo apt remove snapd

  or

$ apt remove snapd|apt install snapd

 

After rebooting from reinstalling snap and snapd.

$ pyradio --play

I got;

Error "cannot change profile for the next exec call: No such file or directory
snap-update-ns failed with code 1"

 GitHub suggested to then do this.

$ systemctl enable --now apparmor.service

$ sudo systemctl enable --now apparmor.service

This command will bring up the password box, and I had to enter my password 3 times, but if you put sudo before the command then it asks you once, I did this for the above enable of the service and it didn't make a difference for getting the app to work.  

$ sudo systemctl start apparmor

$ ps -u ranger | grep pyradio

$ ranger 10213 pyradio

$ service snapd force-reload 

$ pyradio --play 

 

I got;

Error "cannot change profile for the next exec call: No such file or directory
snap-update-ns failed with code 1"

From the GitHub article one user then suggested that this might solve the problem. But before this can be applied, it was also suggested beforehand to uninstall and reinstall snap, snapd & apparmor, then to apply the commads to enable, start the service. Sometimes I work on a problem all day, only to find out the next day that it works! This happened with NordVPN and why it would not login for me on the command line. Anyways, 

 

I am adding this command.

$ sudo apparmor_parser -r /var/lib/snapd/apparmor/profiles/*

$ pyradio --play

 

After running the above command on my machine, IT WORKED!! 

 

 

 Pic: A screenshot of pyradio working and the stations available.

 

I am not going to leave you hanging in case your problem is not solved. 

These are the steps I was going to run this command afterwards

$ systemctl enable --now snapd.apparmor.service 

but as I am working I won't do it now, as I already enabled a similar service 

$ sudo systemctl enable --now apparmor.service

If i have any issues after my next reboot, then I will run the above command with snadp.apparmor.service. If this didn't work then the next step would be below. 

 

The ultimate fix so far would be.

A - Uninstall snap - snapd - apparmor - pyradio using a full removal of the package and all files and scripts associated with them. 

B - To reinstall them.

C - To add the commands to enable and start the services, and then adding the three other commands to add the function to the profile to save this from happening. Why did it happen. God knows. Actually, he is the only one who can explain why it works then have a sleep and it doesn't.

D - $ apt purge snap snapd apparmor

How to Remove Directories (Folders) 

1. To remove an empty directory, use either rmdir or rm -d followed by the directory name: rm -d dirname rmdir dirname. 

2. To remove non-empty directories and all the files within them, use the rm command with the -r (recursive) option: rm -r dirname. 

More items...

Find a process on Linux

$ top
$ htop
$ ps aux | grep apparmor

• a = show processes for all users

• u = display the process’s user/owner

• x = also show processes not attached to a terminal

ranger 13891 0.0 0.0 6232 2324 pts/0 S+ 11:22 0:00 grep --color=auto apparmor

 

To kill a process

$ kill SIGNAL PID 

The most common kill signals are:

Signal Name	Single Value	Effect
SIGHUP	1	Hangup
SIGINT	2	Interrupt from keyboard
SIGKILL	9	Kill signal
SIGTERM	15	Termination signal
SIGSTOP	17, 19, 23	Stop the process

$ kill SIGKILL 13891 

 

Find a file or package pid psid or psgrep

$ ps -u username | grep pyradio
$ ps -u | grep pyradio
$ pgrep radio
$ ps -aux – shows a lot of data

 

 

 

 

Thank you and well done for making it this far, like me you have a long road of learning ahead of you. Now the packages are installed, it's time now to start to learn how to use them, being honest I have installed many packages but do not know how to use them. So a plan of learning one a day will help me to catch up. 

 

Today we covered pyradio, apt install, snap, snapd, apparmor, and a few different service commands, such as enable the service, then start the service. To find a package on the computer, to find the PID number of the package and service and if needed the kill command to stop it from running in it's tracks.

 

 

Be safe,

Ranger.

https://w3tech.org

https://blog.w3tech.org

Use these links for research.

https://www.linux.com/training-tutorials/how-kill-process-command-line/

https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19253-01/817-0403/eoizf/index.html

https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-remove-files-and-directories-using-linux-command-line/